...

However, as in such remote periods when Kondratiev just like Schumpeter came to a conclusion made from precise modelings, the environmental variable was simply ignored!
Kondratiev based his study on statistical series. Over a 145 years period (from 1780 to 1925), he considers five variables; indices of price, interest rate, nominal wages, indicators of the foreign trade, the level of coal and cast iron production and this, in four countries - The United Kingdom, France, Germany and the United States.
Schumpeter considers, as for him, a stationary model of economy, of which structural elements reproduce identically. The logic of this simplified economic model is general stability, the movements of prices' adaptation ensuring an adequacy between the various economic variables (each factor of production is also remunerated at its price). Economic agents - in free competition characterized by private property and division of labour - act here according to their past experience, not introducing any significant break neither into their behaviors, nor in the economic relations in its place. The productive methods and the practices of consumption remaining stable, the offer is aligned on the demand via prices' regulation. Such routine and adaptative behaviors and associated economic mechanisms lead to a stationary state.
However, according to Schumpeter, in particular in The Theory of the Economic evolution, he developed in 1911, only the contractor and his innovations can break this routine.

Thus, the qualitative transformation of the productive system via product or process innovation is in the centre of the growth processes!


From this point of view, what can we say, therefore, of an intensive shale gas extraction, in the profit race, when the resource is depleted in an environment also more damaged by the hydraulic fracturing?

The environment and labour would be preserved if one keep right account of some good sense elements... Breaks already exist, even if the schist is not very permeable. Why not consequently starting by drillings of surface?
The matter, indeed, logically and initially, concerns a natural environment study, in order to in the long term operate an as relevant as possible estimated modeling of these propagation breaks, from the point of view of a rationalized investment and return on investment!